
5 – Dealing with uncertainty about the effects of treatments
In this Chapter: Introduction (this page) Dramatic treatment effects: rare and readily recognizable Laser treatment of portwine stains Imatinib for […]
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McMaster Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Workshop Resources – Therapy module
This is the therapy module resources provided to the attendees at the McMaster Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Workshop.
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McMaster Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Workshop Resources – Systematic review module
The Systematic review module resources provided to the attendees at the McMaster Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Workshop.
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Tips and tricks in performing a systematic review
Why do, and what to do when starting a systematic review.
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Meta-analysis: Its strengths and limitations
The strengths and limitations of meta-analysis.
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Meta-analysis, collaborative overview, systematic review: what does it all mean?
Mike Clarke’s 9-minute read on meta-analysis, collaborative overview, systematic review.
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Using research evidence: a practice guide
NESTA’s guide to using research evidence to inform decisions in policy and practice.
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Learning from research: systematic reviews for informing policy decisions
The EPPI Centre’s guide to using systematic reviews to inform policy decisions.
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What makes a good systematic review?
What makes a good systematic review from Oxford University’s Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention?
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Understanding Health Research: A tool for making sense of health studies
An interactive online tool designed to help anybody to understand scientific health research evidence.
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Systematic Review X Narrative Review
Describing the distinct characteristics and goals of systematic and narrative reviews of the literature.
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What is a meta-analysis?
An explanation of meta-analysis from Oxford University’s Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention.
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Goals and tools in Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis in Michigan State University’s Evidence-Based Medicine Course.
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Evidence for everyday health choices
A 17-min slide cast by Lynda Ware, on the history of EBM, what Cochrane is, and how to understand the real evidence behind the headlines.
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Calling Bullshit Syllabus
Carl Bergstrom's and Jevin West's nice syllabus for 'Calling Bullshit'.
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Strictly Cochrane: a quickstep around research and systematic reviews
An interactive resource explaining how systematic and non-systematic reviews differ, and the importance of keeping reviews up to date.
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Teach Yourself Cochrane
Tells the story behind Cochrane and the challenges finding good quality evidence to produce reliable systematic reviews.
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Over there! An 8 mile high distraction made of posh chocolate!
Ben Goldcare illustrates strategies used by vested interests to discredit research with ‘inconvenient’ results.
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How myths are made
Ben Goldacre draws attention to Steven Greenberg’s forensically based illustration of citation biases.
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Cherry picking is bad. At least warn us when you do it.
Ben Goldacre illustrates how biased ‘cherry picking’ and choosing from the relevant evidence can result in unreliable conclusions.
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Appraisal of evidence and interpretation of results
A 14-min talk on ‘Appraisal of the Evidence and Interpretation of the Results’, illustrated by 19 slides, with notes.
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A way to teach about systematic reviews
81 slides used by David Nunan (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford) to present ‘A way to teach about systematic reviews’.
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Bringing it all together for the benefit of patients and the public
Improving reports of research and up-to-date systematic reviews of reliable studies are essential foundations of effective health care.
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Applying the results of trials and systematic reviews to individual patients
Paul Glasziou uses 28 slides to address ‘Applying the results of trials and systematic reviews to individual patients’.
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Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Information Overload
None of us can keep up with the sheer volume of material published in medical journals each week.
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Generation R – The need to reduce waste in clinical research involving children
1/3, 14-min video at the launch of GenerationR, a network of young people who advise researchers.
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Publication Bias: An Editorial Problem?
A blog challenging the idea that publication bias mainly occurs at editorial level, after research has been submitted for publication.
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The Bias of Language
Publication of research findings in a particular language may be prompted by the nature and direction of the results.
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Understanding Health Research: Common Sources of Bias
Bias (the conscious or unconscious influencing of a study and its results) can occur in different ways and renders studies less dependable.
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Tamiflu: securing access to medical research data
A campaign by researchers has shown that Roche spun the research on Tamiflu to meet their commercial ends.
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MMR: the facts in the case of Dr Andrew Wakefield
This 15-page cartoon explains the events surrounding the MMR controversy, and provides links to the relevant evidence.
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Avoiding biased selection from the available evidence
Systematic reviews are used to identify, evaluate and summarize all the evidence relevant to addressing a particular question.
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Dealing with biased reporting of the available evidence
Biased reporting of research occurs when the direction or statistical significance of results influences how research is reported.
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Bias introduced after looking at study results
Biases can be introduced when knowledge of the results of studies influences analysis and reporting decisions.
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Cherry Picking
Cherry-picking results that only support your own conclusion may mean ignoring important evidence that refutes a treatment claim.
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Forest Plot Trilogy
Synthesising the results of similar but separate fair comparisons (meta-analysis) may help by yielding statistically more reliable estimates
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Attrition bias, publication bias, comparator bias and commercial bias
6 slides and a 3-min commentary on attrition bias, publication bias, comparator bias and commercial bias (from Univ Mass Med School).
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Introduction to Critical Appraisal
30-slide introduction by Jason Curtis, to Critical Appraisal.
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John Ioannidis, the scourge of sloppy science
A 8 min podcast interview with John Ioannidis explaining how research claims can be misleading.
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Methodology of clinical trials
Eurordis training on the methodology of clinical trials for representatives of patients’ organisations.
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AllTrials: All Trials Registered | All Results Reported
AllTrials aims to correct the situation in which studies remain unpublished or are published but with selective reporting of outcomes.
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Big data and finding the evidence
“Big data” is large-scale data processing technologies intended to generate insights into performance, behaviour and trends.
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On taking a good look at ourselves
Iain Chalmers talks about failings in scientific research that lead to avoidable harm to patients and waste of resources.
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Ben Goldacre on TED, on drug companies and hidden data.
Ben Goldacre's lecture at TEDglobal, in which he describes how pharmaceutical companies harm patients by failing to report negative outcomes
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Aprotinin: effect on bleeding during and after surgery
Research funders, academic institutions, researchers, research ethics committees, and scientific journals are all complicit in unnecessary research. As we explained […]
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Instructions to authors to put research in context by the editors of the medical journal The Lancet
Systematic Review This section should include a description of how authors searched for all the evidence. Authors should also say […]
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Marketing-based medicine
‘Internal documents from the pharmaceutical industry suggest that the publicly available evidence base may not accurately represent the underlying data […]
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Identifying all the relevant evidence for systematic reviews
Identifying all the relevant evidence for systematic reviews – irrespective of the language or format of the relevant reports – […]
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Reducing biases in systematic reviews
Just as biases can distort individual tests of treatments and lead to false conclusions, so they can also distort reviews […]
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So what are fair tests?
Most of us know that it can be a mistake to take a media report of some new medical advance […]
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Stepwise progress doesn’t hit the headlines
Science itself works very badly as a news story: it is by its very nature a subject for the “features” […]
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Providing treatment as part of a fair test
So what should happen when there is important about the effects of new or old treatments that have not been […]
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Drugs to correct heart rhythm abnormalities in patients having a heart attack
Dr Spock’s advice may have seemed logical, but it was based on untested theory. Other examples of the dangers of […]
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